183 



BALTIMORE. 




PHIIiADELPIIIA: 

J. B. LIPPTNCOTT COMPANY. 

1888. 




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BALTIMOKE. 



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PHILADELPHIA: 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. 

1888. 



Copyright, 1888, by J. B. Lippincott Company. 




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BALTIMORE. 



Baltimore, the commercial metropolis of the state of 
Maryland, and the seventh city of the United States in 
population, stands on the northern bank of the river 
Patapsco, an arm of Chesapeake Bay, about 250 miles 
by ship-channel from the ocean, 96 miles SW. of Phila- 
delphia, and 40 NE. of Washington, D.C., in 39° 17' 
N. lat., 76"^ 37' W. long. Its site is uneven, and its 
surroundings are picturesque and pleasant. The plan 
of the streets is not so strictly uniform as in many 
American cities. The harbour is spacious and perfectly 
secure, having a minimum depth of 24_feet, and access 
from the sea is safe and easy. Baltimore is reached by 
numerous lines of railway connecting in a Grand Union 
Dep6t, and having several other stations in various parts 
of the city. It is an important centre of the traffic 
in breadstuifs, which are largely received by rail and 
shipped at this point. Other leading articles of export 
are tobacco, provisions, coal, cotton, naval stores, canned 
fruits, and oysters. The imports include large amounts 
of guano, coifee and other tropical products, fertilisers, 
iron, steel, tin-plate and chemicals. Baltimore is also 
the seat of extensive and varied manufactures, and in 
1880 it ranked as the eighth city of the United States in 
the extent of its manufacturing interests. Its manufac- 
tured products include cotton and woollen goods; flour 
of superior quality, largely produced in Baltimore and 



4 BALTIMORE. 

vicinity ; tobacco and cigars, in the manufacture of which 
is employed a capital of more than a million dollai's; 
beer; glassware; boots and shoes; iron and steel, in- 
cluding machinery, car-wheels, iron bridges, stoves, 
furnaces, &c. ; clothing, in the manufacture of which 
nearly $4,000,000 are invested, producing goods to the 
value of about $10,000,000 per annum ; pianos, organs, 
&c. One of the principal industries of Baltimore is the 
canning of oysters, in which over 6500 hands are em- 
ployed during the annual oyster season — several thousand 
vessels being engaged in the oyster fishery, and bringing 
to this port from 8,000,000 to 12,000,000 bushels of 
oysters. It is estimated that the various departments 
of the oyster industry of Baltimore give employment 
to over 20,000 hands, whose wages aggregate about 
$3,500,000 each year. 

Baltimore is noted for the fine architecture of its 
public and other buildings, among the finest being the 
chamber of commerce, the Roman Catholic cathedral, 
the custom-house, the Maryland Institute, the academy of 
music, the city-hall, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the 
post-office, and the Peabody Institute (see Peabody). 
The public monuments, of which five or more are note- 
worthy (the Washington column being 210 feet high), 
have given Baltimore the name of the ^ monumental city.' 
There are several public squares and parks, the beau- 
tiful Druid Hill Park of nearly 700 acres, purchased 
by the city at a cost of about $800,000, being the most 
celebrated. There are some 200 churches, among which 
the Roman Catholic, the Protestant E[)iscopal, and the 
Methodist denominations are conspicuous. The educa- 
tional institutions are many and important. The Johns 



BALTIMORE 5 

Hopkius University, endowed with over $3,500,000 by a 
Quaker philanthropist of that name (1795-1873), was 
opened in 1876, and already takes rank as one of the first 
seats of learning in the country. Among other insti- 
tutions are the Baltimore City College, the Baltimore 
Female College (Methodist), the academy of science, 
the law school, three or more medical schools, Loyola 
College, St. Mary's University, and a state normal school ; 
and there are complete systems of graded public and 
parochial schools. The city has a number of good 
libraries, of which the largest is that of the Peabody In- 
stitute (1876). 

Baltimore is a place of much wealth and social refine- 
ment, and is noted as an art-centre. It is the seat of a 
Roman Catholic archbishop, who has the rank of pri- 
mate of the United States, the see being the oldest in the 
country. The diocese of Baltimore was created in 1789 ; 
and the see became archiepiscopal in 1808. Dr. John 
Carroll was the first bishop and archbishop. Owing to 
the fact that Maryland was originally settled to a great 
extent by members of the Roman Catholic Church 
(chiefly of English birth), that church and its adherents 
have always had a greater social influence in Baltimore 
than in most American cities of its size. Baltimore is 
also the seat of a bishop of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church. The population of the city is of various origin. 
Less than one-sixth of the people in 1880 were of 
African descent, and about one-sixth were of foreign 
birth. Among the native-born population of the city 
there is a rather large element of German descent, and 
many Irish and French Creole families were among the 
earlier settlers. In colonial days, the English Puritans, 



Q BALTIMORE. 

and later, the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, were here 
numerous. Of the present inhabitants, a considerable 
proportion have been born in states lying farther north 
than Maryland. 

Founded in 1729, the city was named in honour of 
Lord Baltimore, the founder of the Maryland colony, 
and in 1796 was incorporated as a city. It very early 
became noted for its commerce and ship-building. It 
was the scene of important events during the war of 
1812-15, and in the early part of the civil war of 
1861-65. Pop. (1790) 13,503; (1830) 80,625; (1860) 
212,218; (1880) 332,313; (1888) about 400,000. Sev- 
eral large and populous suburban towns are not repre- 
sented in these figures. 



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